tories.net

The term “Tories” has its origins in 17th-century British history and was originally used as a term of political derision before becoming a formal label for a political faction. Here’s a breakdown of the origin and evolution of the word:

1. Origin in Irish History:

• The word “Tory” comes from the Irish word “tóraidhe” or “tóraí,” which means “pursuer” or “outlaw.” The term was initially used to describe Irish bandits or outlaws who were dispossessed and often engaged in guerrilla warfare against English settlers in Ireland during the 17th century.

2. Usage in English Politics:

• In the late 1670s, during the Exclusion Crisis in England, the term “Tory” was adopted by those who supported the hereditary rights of the Catholic James, Duke of York (later James II), to succeed to the throne. These supporters were opposed to the Whigs, who wanted to exclude James from the line of succession due to his Catholicism.
• The Whigs used the term “Tory” as an insult, likening their opponents to Irish outlaws. However, the label was eventually embraced by the group it was meant to disparage.

3. Development into a Political Faction:

• Over time, the Tories developed into a formal political faction in England, representing the interests of the monarchy, the Church of England, and the landed gentry. They were generally conservative in their views, favouring the preservation of traditional institutions and opposing radical changes.

4. Evolution into the Modern Conservative Party:

• The term “Tory” has persisted through British history and is now often used informally to refer to members of the modern Conservative Party in the United Kingdom. Although the term “Conservative” is more commonly used in official contexts, “Tory” remains a widely recognized nickname for the party and its members.

Summary:

The term “Tory” originated as a derogatory term for Irish outlaws and was later applied to a political faction in England that supported the monarchy and opposed exclusion of the Catholic James II. Over time, it evolved into a label for a political group that became the foundation of the modern Conservative Party in the UK. Today, “Tory” is still used to describe members of the Conservative Party, reflecting its historical roots.